Antebellum Era
Political

Letter on the Indian Removal Act

From: Cherokee Chief John Ross
To: United States Senate
September 28, 1836
Cherokee Nation
Letter Content
To the Honorable Senate of the United States, We are overwhelmed! Our hearts are sickened, our utterance is paralized, when we reflect on the condition in which we are placed, by the audacious practices of unprincipled men, who have managed their stratagems with so much dexterity as to impose on the Government of the United States, in the face of our earnest, solemn, and reiterated protestations. The instrument in question is not the act of our Nation; we are not parties to its covenants; it has not received the sanction of our people. The makers of it sustain no office nor appointment in our Nation, under the designation of Chiefs, Head men, or any other title, by which they hold, or could acquire, authority to assume the reins of Government, and to make bargain and sale of our rights, our possessions, and our common country. We protest against the enforcement of such a treaty. We invoke the protection of the United States Government against the execution of a treaty made without authority from our Nation.
Historical Context

Chief John Ross's impassioned plea against the Treaty of New Echota, which authorized the removal of the Cherokee Nation from their ancestral lands. Despite his protests, the treaty was enforced, leading to the Trail of Tears.

Significance

A critical document in the history of Native American rights and the tragedy of forced removal. The letter demonstrates Cherokee resistance to injustice and the sophisticated political advocacy of tribal leadership, though ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the Trail of Tears.