Letter to Abigail Adams on Independence

Letter Content

My Dear Abigail, Yesterday the greatest Question was decided, which ever was debated in America, and a greater perhaps, never was or will be decided among Men. A Resolution was passed without one dissenting Colony 'that these united Colonies, are, and of right ought to be free and independent States.' The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated, by succeeding Generations, as the great anniversary Festival. It ought to be commemorated, as the Day of Deliverance by solemn Acts of Devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other from this Time forward forever more. You will think me transported with Enthusiasm but I am not. I am well aware of the Toil and Blood and Treasure, that it will cost Us to maintain this Declaration. Yet through all the Gloom I can see the Rays of ravishing Light and Glory. Your affectionate husband, John Adams

Historical Context

Written the day after the Continental Congress voted for independence, and one day before the formal adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.

Significance

Provides a firsthand account of the momentous decision to declare independence from Britain. Ironically, Adams predicted July 2nd would be celebrated as Independence Day. The letter captures the revolutionary fervor and awareness of the historic moment.