Civil Rights Era
Civil Rights

Letter from Selma

From: John Lewis
To: His Parents
March 6, 1965
Selma, Alabama
Letter Content
Dear Mama and Daddy, Tomorrow we will march to Montgomery. I do not know what will happen. The police may try to stop us. But we must march. You taught me to stay out of trouble, to be quiet, not to make waves. For most of my childhood, I obeyed you. But there comes a time when you must make 'good trouble, necessary trouble,' as I like to say. The right to vote is fundamental to democracy. Without it, we are not citizens but subjects. Black people in Alabama are systematically prevented from registering to vote through literacy tests, poll taxes, and outright intimidation. This is not just wrong - it is unconstitutional. We have tried legal channels. We have petitioned. We have demonstrated peacefully. Now we must take our case directly to the state capital. We will walk from Selma to Montgomery - 54 miles - to demand voting rights. I am not afraid, though perhaps I should be. Sheriff Clark and his deputies have shown they are willing to use violence. But the cause is greater than any individual. If we do not stand up now, when will we? I want you to know that I love you both and that I am proud to be your son. If something should happen to me, please know that I acted according to my conscience and my faith. The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice. Your son, John
Historical Context

Written the night before 'Bloody Sunday,' when peaceful marchers were brutally attacked by police on the Edmund Pettus Bridge. John Lewis, then 25, suffered a fractured skull but survived to become a long-serving congressman and civil rights icon.

Significance

A powerful testament to the courage required for nonviolent protest. The violence depicted on television galvanized public opinion and led to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, one of the Civil Rights Movement's greatest achievements.